World Congress on Neurorehabilitation July 05-06, 2021 Paris, France

Traditional neurorehabilitation procedures may have limited efficacy in most patients with common neurological diseases such as

1. Stroke
2. Parkinson’s disease
3. Spinal cord injury
4. Severe brain injury
5. Spasticity

Cognitive disordersNew technologies have been reported to enhance the effectiveness of rehabilitation strategies in these conditions. They include;

1. Robotic-assisted training
2. Virtual reality
3. Functional electro stimulation
4. Non-invasive brain stimulation(NIBS)

The Neurorehabilitation Program gives complete outpatient treatment services to individuals having an acquired brain injury as a result of some conditions such as tumor, stroke and multiple sclerosis. The researchers concentrates on enhancing freedom and the capacity to come back to more beneficial activities, for example, work or school.

The most significant therapies are those that help the individuals to experience their ordinary lives like occupational therapy, physiotherapy, psychological and speech therapies focused on daily function.

Neurological rehabilitation is progressively seen as an expert type of recovery requiring specialist nursing knowledge. Then again, as in many areas of nursing, medical attendants in this field perceive that there is a need to build their insight base to guarantee that they give the best and most up-to-date quality care for their patients.  

Neurological physiotherapy is a discipline centred on working with people who have a neurological problems or disorders. These include dementia, multiple sclerosis, brain injury, Parkinson’s infection, cerebral paralysis, spinal cord damage, and stroke. Regular problems of patients with neurological disorders, includes vision impairment, poor balance, paralysis, inability to ambulate, and loss of functional independence.

Innovative work of Biomedical Engineering advances to restore, minimize and/or compensate the alterations, those ordinarily show up on an after suffering a brain injury (TBI) or stroke. Exploration is centered around the procedures of cognitive rehabilitation and physical rehabilitation. Restoring human cognitive and motor functioning has been a fascinating research zone during the last century.

The Neurorehabilitation procedures currently using differ in rationale and strategy, with no evidence of differences in their therapeutic efficacy. Interacting humans and robots compensate reciprocally for their intrinsic limitations while benefiting from unique advantages. Reliability in the execution of repetitive tasks is high. But, robots don’t have any flexibility and adaptation, code-independent communication, high-level information processing, and detection of responsiveness to weak and otherwise undetected important sensory inputs that characterize humans. 

Orthotics plays a very important role in the rehabilitation of patients with motor impairments. In the advancement of prosthetic systems, everyone feels that distributed sensory architectures are research areas of crucial importance.

The field of neurorehabilitation is new, and some front line treatments, including neuromodulation, that might be conceivably gainful to patients with CNS injuries or different disorders, are as of now being examined. The advances in the comprehension of brain circuits, together with the neurostimulation advances have incited us to investigate the capability of electrical stimulation of the neuronal circuits to promote functional recovery in patients suffering with CNS disorders. Generally, advances in neuromodulation might offer new restorative medications for patients with Stroke, TBI, Spinal cord injury and Epilepsy by balancing the abnormal brain networks.

The human motor system has the capability to learn through practice and experience. Motor learning may be a loosely outlined term that encloses skill acquisition, motor adaptation and decision making. Motor learning will be broken into kinematic and dynamic elements. Animal models and functional imaging in humans show that the mature brain will endure plastic changes throughout each learning and recovery. Quantitative control approaches permit differentiation between compensation and true recovery, though both improve with practice. Many promising rehabilitation approaches are based on theories of motor learning.

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a condition in which patients experience neurological symptoms such as weakness, movement disorders, sensory symptoms and blackouts. The brain of a patient with Functional Neurological Disorder is structurally normal, but functions incorrectly. In broad terms there is a problem with the patient's central nervous system, which is inappropriate functioning of signalling systems. Approximately one sixth of all patients seen by the neurology service will receive a diagnosis of functional neurological disorders.

Muscular rehabilitation is a branch of rehabilitation that aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to those with physical impairments or disabilities.

A physician having completed training in this field is referred to as a physiatrist. Physiatrists specialize in restoring optimal function to people with injuries to the muscles, bones, ligaments, or nervous system.

The major concern this field deals with is the ability of a person to function optimally within the limitations placed upon them by a disabling impairment or disease process for which there is no known cure.

Traumatic brain injury occurs when an external mechanical force causes brain dysfunction. Traumatic brain   injury usually results from a violent blow or jolt to the head or body. An object penetrating the skull, such as a bullet or shattered piece of skull, also can cause traumatic brain injury.

Brain injury is all too common, but treatments are being improved constantly. Traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries can lead to significant disabilities and death. In the United States, an estimated 1.7 million people suffer traumatic head injuries each year, and roughly 52,000 will die. The leading causes of traumatic brain injury are falls and motor-vehicle related events.

And the major rehabilitation techniques developed and implemented foe traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries fall under the category of traumatic rehabilitation.

Traumatic rehabilitation is one of the long term neurologic care  and requires time for the patient to overcome properly.

Viral and immune mediated disorders of the nervous system are among the most challenging neurological disorders.  The most common neuro immune disorder is multiple sclerosis  and HIV is the most common viral infection of the nervous system. Common to both disorders is the progressive loss of neurons, resulting in significant cognitive and motor dysfunction.

The most common neurological infections are:

1. Encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain, which can be caused by either bacteria or virus.
2. Meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, which can be caused by either bacteria or virus
3. HIV, a viral infection that causes AIDS and gradually destroys the body's immune system.

Vascular disease as a consequence of atherosclerosis results in a wide range of conditions making up the cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases.

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) is a condition of the blood vessels that leads to narrowing and hardening of the arteries, blood vessel that supply blood to legs and feet.  Decreased blood flow over time can lead to tissue and nerve damage which can be serious. Vascular disease is the impeding fact of the current leading causes of morbidity and premature deaths of modern era medicine. Likewise, it is one of the primary causes of disability.

Approximately 14 million people in the United States have a history of myocardial infarction (MI) whereas annual incidence is reported at 1.5 million cases. Many of the risk factors for coronary artery disease are applicable to patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), because both are manifestations of atherosclerotic disease.

Neuro-oncology is a unique, developing neurologic subspecialty that combines many aspects of neurology with those of cancer biology. The neuro-oncologist is expert in both the diagnosis and management of primary brain tumors and neurologic complications of cancer. A career in neuro-oncology presents opportunities to utilize a multidisciplinary team approach and the application of cutting-edge technology toward patient treatment while providing compassionate patient care. Neuro-oncology can trace its modern origins to the 1970s, when the first therapeutic trials were begun. The treatment and management of primary brain tumors is now a rapidly evolving field.

Tumors

Malignant brain cancers